DIRECTIONS: In the passages that follow, some words and phrases are underlined and numbered. In the answer column, you will find alternatives for the words and phrases that are underlined. Choose the alternative that you think is best, and fill in the corresponding bubble on your answer sheet. If you think that the original version is best, choose “NO CHANGE,” which will always be either answer choice A or F. You will also find questions about a particular section of the passage, or about the entire passage. These questions will be identified either by an underlined portion or by a number in a box. Look for the answer that clearly expresses the idea, is consistent with the style and tone of the passage, and makes the correct use of standard written English. Read the passage through once before answering the questions. For some questions, you should read beyond the indicated portion before you answer.
Unfulfilled Promises
If you have ever entered a contest of any sort—you Q1 are well aware of the legal requirements, exclusions, and disclaimers that always accompany Q2 the contest’s entry form. Many laws today regulate a contest sponsor’s responsibilities to the entrants, and courts are filled with lawsuits asserting with non-compliance Q3 on both sides. However, this was not always the case.
In 1896, a contest motivated a Norwegian immigrant, Helga Estby, to travel nearly 3,500 miles on foot Q4 from the state of Washington to New York City. Unfortunately, as is still sometimes true, Helga won the competition only to find that the promise Q5 $10,000 award was mysteriously absent.
[1] Helga had been living Q6 on her farm with her husband and nine children in Spokane, Washington, when she read of a $10,000 prize being offered to a woman who was willing to walk across the country. [2] Because the Estby farm was facing foreclosure, Helga decided that walking across the country in a bicycle skirt for that kind of money was a small price to pay for a greater rewarding Q7 . [3] At the time, this style of skirt was considered to be inappropriate because it revealed the female ankle. [4] The only requirement, from all accounts, was that she wear a modern, newfangled bicycle skirt as she traveled. Q8
So, in May of 1896, Helga and her 18-year-old daughter, Clara, had set off Q9 on their long journey.
Helga carried a revolver and a spray gun containing red pepper for protection. Q10 Presumably, Helga and Clara found food and shelter along the way, and they arrived in New York City in December, seven months after their departure. The contest sponsors, however, were to be found nowhere Q11.
This story of bravery and persistence had therefore been kept a secret Q12 for nearly a century, primarily because Helga’s seven-month absence from the farm wreaked havoc on her family. Two of her children died of diphtheria while she was gone. Even worse, her husband had sequestered the surviving children in an unheated shed, thinking that this was the only way to keep them from being infected with the disease. Since the contest sponsor failed to award Helga the money, the Estbys ended up losing the farm; her expedition had been a disaster.
At the time, Helga’s trip was considered an embarrassment by the Norwegian-American community and was kept utterly quiet. After Helga’s death, her own children burned the hundreds of pages Helga had written through the years, leaving only Q13 a small scrapbook of newspaper clippings and very few details of Helga’s life or her ill-fated trip. Looking back 100 years, one can only marvel at the boldness and bravery that must have energized Helga Estby to make that journey on foot across the country in an effort to save her family farm. Q14 Q15